Reflections on Childhood Development Essay - 1924 Words

In Infant development, as newborns progress in their development, many changes occur. Neonates, newborns have preferences already for certain senses such as odor, tastes, sounds, and some visual configuration. However, through infancy a baby develop better senses of hearing, and vision. For example, at birth typically a child’s vision is 20/600 and will not reach 20/20 until age two. They can usually focus on objects or people that are up to 9 inches away and can following a moving finger. Newborns also prefer colored stimuli compared to gray ones, but do not develop full perception of color until they are about four months old. Over the first 18 months of an infant’s life, motor skills also develop very progressively more. This†¦show more content†¦Right before reaching his first birthday, Jarrett was able to walk alone by his self and did not any support to guide him anymore. During infancy, all infants usually have a strong attachment to either their mother or their primary caregivers. Many newborn babies prefer contact comfort, supplied by bodily contact, and suffer from separation anxiety when they are separated from their primary caregiver. Separation anxiety results in fear and distress of the newborn child and usually peaks when the infant is between 12 and 18 months. When an infant reaches 6 to 7 months of age, a fear of strangers, stranger anxiety arises, and this usually increases until the child’s first birthday. Four patterns of attachment from Mary Ainsworth’s study after brief separation from their mother’s were identified and are most common. Some infants show patterns of secure attachment, where they are highly distressed when separated from their mother or caregiver. Infants who show a pattern of secure attachment are typically more responsive, obedient, and cooperative than other infants. Preschoolers who had secure attachment as infants are more likely to show more advanced social skills, than infa nts not attached securely to their caregivers. The second pattern is known as avoidant attachment, which are not quick to respond to their primary caregiver when they are present and are not alarmed when they leave. Even when the caregiver returns, theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Early Childhood Education Field1117 Words   |  5 Pagesand accountability in the early childhood education field, policy makers have increasingly turned to the development of effective professional practice among early childhood educators (ECEs) as the predominant approach in securing better outcomes for children. 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Play is basic element to learn and developRead MoreChild Development Reflection Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Reflection In this course, I have learned theories of child development, principles of growth and development, prenatal development, infancy, toddlerhood, three-four-and five years old, six-seven-and eight years old, middle childhood, adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old, and where and when to seek help. 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The Impact Of Aetna On Corporate Culture - 1125 Words

Aetna is a company that has experienced a turnaround in many areas due to a change in corporate culture. In 2000, Aetna could be described as a company plagued by inefficient processes, huge overhead and unrealistic mergers. At this point, the company was losing $1M per day. The organization had seen four CEO’s in five years and expecting the same inconsistent results when welcoming the latest. John W. Rowe, MD was that fourth CEO and what he brought to the company was not what anyone was expecting. Past Culture In the times before the shift in culture, Aetna was known as â€Å"Mother Aetna†. The company was steadfast in its identification as a company that was 150 years old and that traditions were the route to success. During these times, employees were stagnate and not motivated to improve things or change in any way. Progress, success and growth were not priorities of the organization and mediocrity was well tolerated. Steps for Change Dr. Rowe certainly had a different approach to managing than anyone had seen in the past. He was focusses on the employees and viewed them as one of the integral elements of the equation. Rowe began analyzing the company through meetings with employees at every level of the company and gathering information from every area and angle. This allowed him to figure the existing conditions into his approach. His inclusion of employees in his change process was wise as it eliminated a feeling of alienation that change usually bringsShow MoreRelatedChanging A Company s Culture1133 Words   |  5 PagesChanging a Company s Culture Introduction Many companies reap the benefits of identifying, implementing, and managing culture change within their organizations. One of these companies is Aetna Health Care. Aetna is a company who suffered from poor performance as a result of negative organizational culture. The impact was costly to its reputation as well as its financial standing. 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These include changes in the internal organization of firms, helping to link all of the firms activities and allowing for better communication, sharing of information, and coordination of activities within the firm. The expected impacts also include changes in the external organization of economic activities. As companies apply IT internally

International Classification of Financial Reporting †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the International Classification of Financial Reporting. Answer: Introduction: The financial statements have been set up and prepared in agreement with the necessities of the Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act that also take account of the Australian correspondents to the (AIFRSs) i.e. the International Financial Reporting Standards and Interpretations under AASB. The Compliance procedures with the AIFRSs make certain the statements of finance and observations with the remarks comply with International Financial Reporting Standards. The observations and the preparation of financial statements are in conventionality with IFRS and also provides requirement towards the organization to put into effect its judgment in the procedure of the application of the accounting policies within the company. There is also a requirement of using and implying of the definite decisive and significant bookkeeping approximation and suppositions. The notes present in the financial statements involve a higher scale and extent of the levels of judgment or intricacy. It also takes into consideration the areas where the hypothesis and approximation are noteworthy to the statements of finance. The method is utilized in the calculation of the amortized cost of an instrument of debt and in the allocation of the income of interest under the applicable period. The effective interest rate include the rate that accurately gets predictable future cash proceeds in the course of the anticipated life span of the instrument of debt, or as and where suitable, a comparatively shorter time, to the net carrying amount on the recognition done initially. The Income in Midnight Ltd. is recognized on the basis of rate of the effective interest for the instruments of debt other than the assets that have a classification under the FVTPL. Loans and receivables The loans, trade receivables and added receivables having fixed or determinable payment system and those not being stated and quoted in a dynamic marketplace are considered under the head as loans and receivables. The Receivables and Loans are calculated and charged at amortized cost by means of the rate of the effective interest method deducted from any amount of impairment. The income of interest is recognized by application of the rate of effective interest, with the exception of for short-ranged receivables at the time of recognition of interest. The Financial liabilities are put under two categories i.e. either financial liabilities at FVTPL or any other financial liabilities. Other financial liabilities: They include the borrowings that are at the outset calculated at the net of transaction costs and fair value. These liabilities are consequently considered and charged at amortized cost by means of the rate of effective interest technique and with the recognition of the interest expenditure on the basis of an effective yield method. The effective interest technique is a system of computing the amortized expenditure of an economic accountability and of apportioning an interest disbursement over the appropriate period. The rate of effective interest that precisely and accurately discounts the predictable future cash expenses in the course of the expected life span of the financial legal responsibility, or wherever suitable a shorter period to the net carrying amount on preliminary acknowledgment. Plant, property and equipment The assets like the Plant, property and equipment are calculated on the basis of cost deducted by the accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The depreciable sum of all plant, property, and equipment has been depreciated on a straight-line basis. The basis considers the useful lives and also takes into account the computation from the time of beginning from the occasion the asset becomes ready for use. Leasehold enhancement is devalued over the shorter of either of the periods that is unexpired of the lease or the anticipated practical lives of the developments and enhancement. The rates of depreciation used for each class of depreciable asset are under the standards of international and the AASB Interpretations. The Goodwill arising in MIDNIGHT Ltd. is recognized as an asset at the date of acquisition. The Goodwill has been calculated as the surplus of the summation of the transferred consideration, the sum of any interests that has been non-controlling in the hands of the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirers that in the present times had detained interest of equity in the acquiree over the net amount of the date of acquisition sum of the particular assets get hold of the assumed liabilities. Bibliography AASB, C. A. S. (2014). Business Combinations.Disclosure,66, 77. AASB, C. A. S. (2014). Financial Instruments.Project Summary. AASB, C. A. S. (2015). Investment Property. Carey, P., Potter, B., Tanewski, G. (2014). AASB Research Report No. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Nobes, C. (2014).International Classification of Financial Reporting 3e. Routledge.

Systems Development Methodologies

Basic Design of Data Flow Diagrams A data flow diagram (DFD) is a process model that graphically represents data flow between entities in an information system and the relationship between the entities. A DFD, therefore, represents a logical or physical flow of data within a system. Typically, physical DFDs are developed from logical data flow diagrams.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Development Methodologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In context, therefore, DFD serve the purpose of modeling high-level details of any information system by detailing on data inputs into a system, data transformations, and information outputs from the data transformations, and the functions each component performs. The four essential components constituting a DFD include a data store (data sources and data sinks), data flows, processes, and entities. However, different DFD constitute different symbols in their design, but the syntax and fundamental principles for designing DFDs remain the same. Basic concepts to consider when designing DFDs include external entities that send and receive data, processes that transform the data from one form to another that have inputs and outputs, the flow of data within and outside of the system, and locations for data storage. Notations are used to represent modeling process. Notations show the graphical representation of functions in the DFDs. The five notations used include: Of critical importance are the data items used in the design, their sources, and destinations. In the design process, recommendations have it that tabulations of collected information is done as a first step in designing a DFD. A typical example appears in table 1 below. Table 1 Data Item Source of data Destination of data It is critically important, as the next step, to identify system boundaries by separating identified entities into entities that belong to internal an d external system boundaries. External entities belong to the outside of the system while internal entities provide typical locations for processes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to that, prior knowledge about the tasks performed at each level of the deeper levels of the system helps in designing the next DFD level. A context diagram developed at this level provides a simple representation of the system and its functionalities. That leads to an exploded data flow diagram showing more details considered when modeling the system. Typically, a DFD uses arrows to show how data flows from and into the system being modeled. The system captures data flowing between external entities and is represented using dashed lines. Other requirements to adhere to when designing a DFD include the use of arrowheads to show the flow of data within, into, and out of a system. Higher -level diagrams allow the usage of double arrowheads, which show two-way data flow. However, lower level data flow diagrams use unidirectional arrows only. In addition to that, is important to assign a reference to a data store designating its function or the type of data in its storage. Data flow can occur between external entities of a system and represented by a dashed line, while, it is important to note that data stores do not initiate processes. A strict numbering procedure when analyzing a system undergoing decomposition into lower levels is an important requirement with processes always linked to show clearly their ancestral routes. It is necessary to name processes using verb phrases, which focus on organizational needs. It is an important practice to place processes at the center, place inputs at the left side, outputs at the right, and data stores beneath processes. However, errors are bound to arise that need to be avoided when designing a DFD. Errors to avoid These incl ude avoiding showing data flowing from one data store directly to another data store, a situation that does not make sense. In addition to that, it makes no sense to have data flowing from a data store directly to an entity without going through a process. Avoid showing data flowing into asynchronous processes, as DFD processes do not have memory and crossing lines. Exploding DFDs Exploding a DFD, often referred to as functional decomposition, implies decomposing each of the processes in a context diagram by balancing input and output processes. Thus, processes are decomposed functionally into system primary processes, and subsequent decompositions of other lower levels into functional primitives. Thus, the decomposition begins from level O, then level two, and level three. Decompositions more often end at level three without any further decompositions. Decision tables and decision trees A decision tree is a tool used to support decision-making based on two or more decision alternat ives. A typical decision tree consists of small square decision nodes with the root node as the first decision, drawn at the left side of the decision tree. Decision trees also consist of chance nodes represented by use of circles susceptible to two outcomes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Development Methodologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, an end node determines the end or outcome from a decision. On the other hand, lines link nodes together from branches emanating from the nodes in the left to the right direction. On the other hand, a decision table is a tool used to model decision logic by associating conditions with actions to perform. Thus, a decision table constitutes four quadrants with conditions, alternative conditions, entries, and action entries. Business potential tool to use A decision tree is a business potential tool to use compared with a decision table. A decision tree p resents analytical solutions to which are easy to understand with minimal explanations, are more specific and categorical in data analysis, are flexible in analyzing using statistical models, and easy to use with large amounts of data. On the other hand, decision tables are complex, require detailed explanations, and not easy to understand. Thus, a decision tree is more suited in making business decisions than a decision table. Critiquing GUI A graphical user interface (GUI) should be able to reflect the psychological metal models to facilitate user goals and tasks. In addition to that, the GUI should reflect user thought process, based on the mental and conceptual models, characterized by susceptibility to change, internally inconsistent. On the other hand, conceptual models characterized by innovation, reflect interface components, and reflect object orientation. Thus, the critique of the GUI should be based on the principles of mental models and conceptual frameworks highlighted above. On the other hand, other factors to consider in critiquing the GUI includes identifying a model that reflects user behavior, cognitive control, visibility of the objects under consideration, ability to manipulate and replace objects, and be syntactically correct, underlying files, and desktop metaphors. In addition to that, it is important for the user to be provides the flexibility to identify the occurrence of any errors and recover from them. This essay on Systems Development Methodologies was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.